4.3.1Active indicatorClean Energy Investment
4.1The economic impact of climate change and its mitigation
4.2The transition to net zero carbon, health-supporting economies
4.3Financial transitions for a healthy future
Indicator 4.3.1 · Economics
Clean Energy Investment
Protecting health from climate change and realising the health benefits of climate action requires a rapid and just transition away from health-harming fossil fuels and towards zero-carbon energy. Investment in clean energy and energy efficiency can accelerate this transition, reducing greenhouse gas emissions and fossil fuel-related air pollution while supporting more secure and equitable energy systems. This indicator tracks global investment in energy supply and energy efficiency, including the balance between clean energy and fossil fuel investment.
Headline finding
Global clean energy investment grew by 7.2% in 2025 to a record US$2.10 trillion, 82% higher than investment in fossil fuels.
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Figure 1
Clean energy investment
This figure presents world energy investment from 2015 to 2025, in 2025 billion US dollars. The Show control cuts the same total two ways: by what the money was spent on, across fossil fuels and six components of clean energy investment, or by the region it was spent in. Nuclear is not drawn as a category, on the authors’ instruction, while the total line is the supplied total energy investment, which includes it — so the stacked bars stop short of the line by the nuclear amount. Under the regional view, choose clean energy or fossil fuels. Every figure is the authors’ own, including the totals, and the total line is the supplied figure rather than a sum of whatever is on screen. The source counts Asia Pacific both as a single region and as China plus the rest; on the authors’ instruction the regions are shown whole, so Asia Pacific is one row and China is not a row of its own, and a region is never drawn beside the parts it already contains.
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About this indicator
Description
This indicator draws on data from the annual International Energy Agency World Energy Investment to track energy supply investment. Clean energy investment has three main components: clean supply (renewables, nuclear, clean fuels etc.); transmission (electricity networks and storage); and end-use (electrification and energy efficiency such as heat pumps, electric vehicles etc.). Fossil fuel investment includes coal, oil and gas electricity generation capacity and fuel supply without CCUs (carbon capture utilisation and storage).
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Caveats
Investment estimates are derived from International Energy Agency data for energy demand, supply and trade, and estimates of unit capacity costs. Other areas of expenditure, including operation and maintenance, research and development, financing costs, mergers and acquisitions or public markets transactions, are not included.
Data sources
- World Energy Investment, 2026. International Energy Agency.