Indicators of climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability Indicators of climate change impacts, exposures, and vulnerability. Climate change → CO2 rise; temperature rise; seasonal change; sea-level rise → Extreme events: dust storms 1.2.4; flood & drought 1.2.2 & 1.2.3; heatwaves 1.1.1; wildfires 1.2.1 → Reduced labour and physical capacity 1.1.2 & 1.1.3; reduced agricultural & aquaculture productivity; biodiversity loss, ecosystem & microbial change; air pollution & aeroallergens → Food security 1.4; mental health 1.1.4; cardiorespiratory disease; direct injury and death 1.1.5; infectious diseases 1.3.1 & 1.3.2. Social mediating factors: age, gender, health status; poverty; public health infrastructure; migration; violent conflict. CLIMATE CHANGE CO2 RISE TEMPERATURE RISE SEASONAL CHANGE SEA-LEVEL RISE EXTREME EVENTS DUST STORMS 1.2.4 FLOOD & DROUGHT 1.2.2 & 1.2.3 HEATWAVES 1.1.1 WILDFIRES 1.2.1 SOCIAL MEDIATING FACTORS AGE, GENDER, HEALTH STATUS POVERTY PUBLIC HEALTH INFRASTRUCTURE MIGRATION VIOLENT CONFLICT REDUCED LABOUR AND PHYSICAL CAPACITY 1.1.2 & 1.1.3 REDUCED AGRICULTURAL & AQUACULTURE PRODUCTIVITY BIODIVERSITY LOSS, ECOSYSTEM & MICROBIAL CHANGE AIR POLLUTION & AEROALLERGENS FOOD SECURITY 1.4 MENTAL HEALTH 1.1.4 CARDIORESPIRATORY DISEASE DIRECT INJURY AND DEATH 1.1.5 INFECTIOUS DISEASES 1.3.1 & 1.3.2 Scroll sideways to see the whole diagram
Key findings · 2026 1.1.5
In 2023, heat was associated with a record-high 710,000 estimated deaths globally, with 71% of this burden attributed to climate change.
1.2.2
Extreme drought affected more than half (51.8%) of the world’s land for at least a month in 2025, the second-highest level on record, and is increasing 704% faster than a decade ago.
1.1.3
In 2025, heat exposure led to the loss of 573 billion potential work hours, the second highest level on record, and a 35% increase from the 2006–15 annual average.
All 12 Indicators in This Area 1.2 Health and extreme weather-related events1.3 Climate suitability for infectious disease transmission1.4 Food security and undernutritionContinue exploring · Next area · 02 Adaptation & Resilience Directory 